REVIEW FOR TEST

Review for test
  • direct democracy- a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
  • classical art- Athenians portrayal of ideal beauty, not realism. Their values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion became the standard of what is called classical art.
  • tragedy- a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayl.
  • comedy- a drama that contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor.

  • Peloponnesian War- a war between the two city-states, Athens and Sparta.

  • philosopher- greek thinkers who had new ideas and values.

  • Socrates- a critic of Sophists. He believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice.

  • Plato- a student of Socrates before he died. He wrote, The Republic.
  • Phillip II- The king of Macedonia who conquered Greece. Alexander the Great's father.
  • Macedonia- A place in Greece that was cold with rough terrain. Conquered many city-states.


  • Alexander the Great- Philip II's son who conquered many countries. Believed to be the most dedicated ruler of Macedonia.

  • Darius III- Ruler of Persia who fought with the Macedonians.
  • Hellenistic-Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and India influences.
  • Alexandria- An Egyptian city that became the center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization. It was on the Mediterranean and nile delta. People one there to make money and exchange ideas. Like a destination city.

  • Euclid- A highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. His ideas are still taught today (Euclidian Geometry)

  • Archimedes- Another important Hellenistic scientist who studied at Alexandria.

  • Colossus of Rhodes- A bronze statue that stood more than 100 feet high on the island of Rhodes. 

  • Alexander became king because the kings guardsmen killed him

  • They think someone payed the guard to kill him

  • Alexander was 20 when he started to rule

  • Phillip the second wanted to conquer the Persians 

  • Alexander has someone who spoke against him killed 

  • Alexander fought Persian war for his father

  • Who is Darrius the third? King of Persia who ran away from his problems. This caused his soldiers to kill him

  • Alexander, unlike Darrius fought with his solder. Darrius didn't fight, he ran

  • After Darrius got defeated he went to Alexander and said he would give a third of the empire and have a truce. Alexander said no and continued to fight. They won and got the whole empire

  • Then he went to Egypt and they just gave it to him because they were afraid of him. His mom told him he was the sun of sues. When he went to Egypt and hadn't lost yet, Egypts welcomed him with open arms and he became pharaoh

  • He then went to india. The people who he conquered, are now fighting with him.

  • In india, there was a battle by the hydapses river and had to fight against war elephants which he had never seen. The greeks phalanx was their battle strategy. They also had horses. They had never seen elephants that were trained to charge at people. It was very difficult to run a spear through an elephant with war armor

  • Alexander beat india and by the time they finished india, they had been fighting for 7-10 years. His soldiers got tired of fighting and wanted to go home. He finds Babylon in the middle of india and Macedonia and makes that his capitol. He tries to unify everyone.

  • He died at the age of 32 before he really starts ruling and governing. He made his former enemies his friends and tried to combine all the cultures.

  • Not exactly sure how he died. But he was a heavy drinker or could have gotten sick.

  • What happened after Alexander died? Three generals under him split the empire into three sections and ruled. Alexander wanted one giant empire and as soon as he died it got split up and could have collapsed.

  • Lysistrata written by Aristophanes. Comedy about not sleeping with their husbands until they stop fighting war

  • Oedipus rex - Oedipus the king Written by Sophocles. Tragedy about man sleeping with his mom and killing the king who is his dad

  • Know the types of gov. In aristocracy high ranking people run. democracy run by the people. 

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